How to Say “And … and …” in Japanese | 〜し、〜し、〜 (…shi, …shi) | JLPT N4 Grammar

2025/12/20

In Japanese, there are many ways to explain reasons. One very natural and frequently used N4-level pattern is ～し、～し, which is used to list multiple reasons or supporting points.
This structure allows speakers to give more than one reason in a soft, conversational way, without sounding too direct or logical. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when explaining decisions, opinions, or situations.

When and How It’s Used

The pattern ～し、～し is used when you want to give two or more reasons for a situation, decision, or opinion.

This expression is often used when:

• Explaining why something is true
  
• Giving multiple reasons for a decision
  
• Softening the tone of explanation
  
• Avoiding a strong, one-sided claim
  

Unlike 「～から」 or 「～ので」, which clearly show cause and result, ～し、～し focuses on listing reasons, and the final conclusion is sometimes left unstated because it is obvious from context.

This makes the sentence sound:

• More natural
  
• Less argumentative
  
• More conversational
  

In spoken Japanese, the final result is often implied rather than explicitly stated.

See How it’s used in conversation

This video will help you understand how is used ～し、～し in everyday Japanese conversations. Watch and repeat to improve your listening and speaking skills!

Sentence Pattern

The basic structure is:

普通形 + し、普通形 + し（、結果）

Key points:

• し is added to the end of each reason
  
• Verbs, adjectives, and nouns can all be used
  
• The final conclusion may be omitted
  

Examples of forms:

• Verb: 忙しいし
  
• i-adjective: 安いし
  
• na-adjective / noun: 便利だし、学生だし
  

The reasons are connected with し, and the sentence flows naturally without a strong logical connector

Examples

① この店は安いし、おいしいし、よく来ます。
Kono mise wa yasui shi, oishii shi, yoku kimasu.
I come to this restaurant often because it’s cheap and delicious.

② 雨だし、寒いし、今日は家にいます。
Ame da shi, samui shi, kyō wa ie ni imasu.
It’s raining and cold, so I’m staying home today.

③ 日本語は難しいし、覚えることが多いです。
Nihongo wa muzukashii shi, oboeru koto ga ōi desu.
Japanese is difficult, and there are many things to memorize.

④ 週末だし、時間もあるし、映画を見に行きましょう。
Shūmatsu da shi, jikan mo aru shi, eiga o mi ni ikimashō.
It’s the weekend and we have time, so let’s go see a movie.

In Summary

The pattern ～し、～し is a useful N4 grammar point for listing reasons naturally and softly.
It allows speakers to explain situations or opinions without sounding too strict or logical, which makes conversations feel smoother and more natural.

By using ～し、～し, you can:

• Give multiple reasons easily
  
• Sound more conversational and polite
  
• Avoid overly strong cause-and-effect expressions
  

This structure is especially helpful in everyday Japanese, where explanations are often shared gently rather than stated directly.

Enhance your JLPT N4 with Nihongo Online School

Mastering the core grammar of JLPT N4 is just one step toward passing the exam. To build a solid foundation, you’ll also need to learn JLPT N4 Grammar List , and also Play List on Youtube for JLPT N4 helps you understand important grammar easily.

At Nihongo Online School, our  programs combine vocabulary, grammar, and practical usage in a clear, structured way, designed to help you succeed on the JLPT N4. With our learning system giving you the confidence and preparation you need for the exam. Discover your favorite courses at Nihongo Online School.