Nihongo Online School

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Nihongo Online School > Tips for More Effective Studying >  [Basic Post Particles] Lesson 4-6 Difference of〜で、〜へ、〜に、

 [Basic Post Particles] Lesson 4-6 Difference of〜で、〜へ、〜に、

2023/09/18

Director: Kotaro Muramoto
Principal of Nihongo Online School
In September 2019, he founded "Nihongo Online School". Since then, has been teaching Japanese online lessons, with a total of over 1,000 students.
He has designed an individualized curriculum based on student’s needs and study goal. And is conscious of making the classes speech-centered in order to improve students’ speaking skills.
The school asks students to submit homework assignments worth 2 hours per lesson to improve faster. By supporting students with these features, students are able to efficiently improve Japanese language skills.

Lesson 4~で ①by…②at… 

Indicates a means or method/ the place which an action occurs

The Japanese particles で (de) can be used to indicate ①means, method and ②place. They are translated as “①by”,“②at”  in English.

Usages: 

①ほうほう/しゅだん(by,means,method) :

N(means,method)Vする。I am going by train. でんしゃ     いきます。

②ばしょ(Place): 

PlaceVする。 I work at my house. いえ  仕事(しごと)をします。

★Let’s exercise ①ほうほう/しゅだん(by,means,method)

いえから、スーパーまで、タクシーいきます。

Iekara super made taxi de ikimasu.

I go to supermarket from my house by taxi.

いえから、ぎんこうまで、バスいきます。

Iekara ginkou made basu de ikimasu.

I go to bank from my house by bus.

いえから、くうこうまでくるまいきます。

Iekara kuukoumade kuruma de ikimasu.

I go to airport from my house by car.

いえから、かいしゃまで、でんしゃいきます。

Iekara kaishamade densha de ikimasu.

I go to company from my house by train.

いえから、しんじゅくえきまで、じてんしゃいきます。

I go to Shinjuku station from my house by bike.

いえから、ほっかいどうまで、ひこうきいきます。

I go to Hokkaido from my house by flight.

いえから、きょうとまでしんかんせんいきます。

I go to Kyoto from my house by bullet train.

★second usage, 〜で ②ばしょ(Place): 

PlaceVする。 I work at my house. いえ  仕事(しごと)をします。

Let’s exercise

Q:どこコーヒーをのみますか?

Doko de coffee wo nomimasuka?

Where do you drink coffee?

A:スターバックスのみます。

Starbucks de nomimasu.

I drink it at Starbucks.

Q:どこしごとをしますか?

Dokode shigotowo shimasuka?

Where do you do your job?

A:かいしゃしごとをします。

Kaisha de sigotowo shimasu. 

I do a job at company.

Q:どこしごとをしますか?

Doko de shigotowo shimasuka?

Where do you do your job?

A:いえしごとをします。

Ie de sigotowo shimasu.

I do a job at my house.

Lesson 5~へ Indicates Direction 

You learn how to explain “へ=to somewhere~” in Japanese

✅ ~へ Indicates Direction 

The Japanese particles へ (he) can be used to indicate destination or direction. They are translated as “to” in English.

Usages: 

ほうこう(direction):PlaceVする

I go to Japan. にほん  いきます。

Here is some examples.

★Let’s exercise

・びょういんいきます。

Byouin e ikimasu.

I go to hospital.

・がっこういきます。

Gakkou e ikimasu.

I go to school.

・かいしゃいきます。

Kaisya e ikimasu.

I go to company.

Lesson 6~に Indicates Direction / At (time)

You learn how to explain “に=to somewhere, at(time)〜” in Japanese

✅ ~に Indicates Direction / At (time)

The Japanese particles に (ni) can be used to indicate ①destination or direction and ②time or date. They are translated as “①to”,”②at” in English.

Usages: 

①ほうこう(direction):PlaceVする。※ same usage with 〜へ, can be replaced with へ

I go to Japan. にほん  いきます。 ※same meaning with にほん  いきます。

②じかん(time, date):time Vする

I wake up at 7 am.  わたしは、7じ  おきます。

Here is some examples.

★Let’s exercise

①ほうこう(direction)

・びょういんいきます。

Byouin ni ikimasu.

I go to hospital. 

・がっこういきます。

Gakkou ni ikimasu.

I go to school.

・かいしゃいきます。

Kaisya ni ikimasu.

I go to company.

②じかん(time, date)

Q:なんじ、おきますか?

Nanji ni okimasuka? 

What time do you wake up?

A:8じおきます。

Hachiji ni okimasu. 

I wake up at 8:00am.

Q:なんじ、ねますか?

Nanji ni nemasuka?

What time do you sleep? 

A:11じねます。

Juuichiji ni nemasu.

I sleep at 11pm.